翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Forton ・ Forton Hall ・ Forton Heath ・ Forton Lake ・ Forton, Hampshire ・ Forton, Lancashire ・ Forton, Staffordshire ・ Fortora Fresh Finance ・ Fortore ・ Fortosi ・ Fortran ・ Fortifications of Gibraltar ・ Fortifications of Gothenburg ・ Fortifications of Heraklion ・ Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull ・ Fortifications of Kotor ・ Fortifications of Kristiansand ・ Fortifications of London ・ Fortifications of Malta ・ Fortifications of Mdina ・ Fortifications of Messina ・ Fortifications of Metz ・ Fortifications of New Netherland ・ Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries ・ Fortifications of Portsmouth ・ Fortifications of Rhodes ・ Fortifications of Senglea ・ Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula ・ Fortifications of the inner German border ・ Fortifications of the Isle of Wight Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Fortifications of Kotor ： ウィキペディア英語版 Fortifications of Kotor The fortifications of Kotor (Italian: Cattaro) are an integrated historical fortification system that protected the medieval town of Kotor containing ramparts, towers, citadels, gates, bastions, forts, cisterns, a castle, and ancillary buildings and structures. They incorporate military architecture of Illyria, Byzantium, Venice, and Austria. Together with the old town and its natural surroundings the fortifications were inscribed in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1979 labelled ''Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor'' and represent the only such site of cultural significance in Montenegro. ==History== The top of the mountain of St.John was already fortified during Illyrian times. In the 6th century the emperor Justinian I reconstructed the fortress. With the retreat of the Byzantines, eventually and in spite of numerous incursions some independence was attained, however this had no lasting effects upon the fortifications. This changed when in 1420 the then independent Republic of Cattaro succumbed to Venetian rule. As part of Albania Veneta the fortifications received their current structure. During this time there were two successful Ottoman sieges followed by occupations, 1538 – 1571 and 1657 – 1699. In 1797 the fortifications passed to the Habsburg Monarchy with the Treaty of Campo Formio. In 1805, Kotor was assigned to the French Empire's client state, the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy by the Treaty of Pressburg, but occupied by Russian troops under Dmitry Senyavin until they left after the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. Three years later it was incorporated into the French Empire's Illyrian Provinces. The fortifications (then named Cattaro) were attacked by the British naval Captain William Hoste with his ship HMS ''Bacchante'' (38 guns). In an "unmilitary manner" he hauled his ships' cannon to positions above the fort using block and tackle and started the shelling.〔: "() surrendered on 5 Jan. 1814, as soon as Hoste had, in what was denounced as a 'very unmilitary manner,' established a battery of heavy guns and mortars on the top of a rugged hill which dominated the enemy's position."〕〔 After a ten day siege, the French garrison had no alternative and surrendered on January 5, 1814. With the Congress of Vienna Kotor was returned to the Austrian Empire. After their defeat in World War I the Austrians left and the fortress was not longer manned. During World War II Kotor was occupied by the Axis forces and liberated on November 21, 1944, a date commemorated over the Sea Gate. Severe earthquakes that damaged the fortifications occurred in 1563, 1667, and most recently, on April 15, 1979. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fortifications of Kotor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.